What are cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds produced by cannabis plants and some other botanicals, as well as the human endocannabinoid system (ECS).

There are two types of cannabinoids: phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids. Each is named based on where they are derived. The prefix phyto- means “plant,” and phytocannabinoids originate from plants. The prefix endo- means “within,” and these cannabinoids are produced within the body. Both interact with the endocannabinoid system of the nervous system.

Over 100 cannabinoids have been identified. Two of the best-known are CBD (cannabidiol) and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Each compound interacts with cannabinoid receptors within the ECS. Cannabinoids can elicit both psychoactive and non-psychoactive effects. Below are a few of the more prevalent cannabinoids and their primary effects:

CBD (Cannabidiol): This therapeutic cannabinoid has many beneficial properties (pain relief, anti-inflammatory, anti-nausea and others) but is non-intoxicating. Research continues to inform us about CBD’s potential.

CBG (Cannabigerol): The first cannabinoid ever identified, CBG has displayed antifungal, antibacterial, antidepressant and pain-relieving properties. Like CBD, it is non-intoxicating.

CBN (Cannabinol): This cannabinoid has been shown to help sedate the body, alleviate pain and nausea and support a sense of calm – with minimal side effects.

CBC (Cannabichromene): Studies have demonstrated CBC’s benefits for mood, pain, inflammation, brain cells and even acne. It is non-intoxicating and aids in the entourage effect.

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol): This cannabinoid has significant intoxicating effects. (It’s the component that produces the high Cannabis is known for.) THC has been proven to sedate and relax, and it also affects cognition, consciousness, mood and energy levels.

Taken alone, each cannabinoid can produce different effects in the body. When taken together, cannabinoids may work in synergy to enhance the cannabis plant's functional benefits overall and may create vastly different experiences with different benefits and impact depending on the ratio of different cannabinoids.

Full-spectrum formulations are as close to nature as possible. The whole-plant hemp extract contains all of the cannabinoids and terpenes. They work better together – and this is commonly referred to as the “entourage effect.”